Semester Test
1. Attached is a study guide for the semester exam which will be given by, or shortly before December 18, our last day of the semester and of Oral Communications for this group of students.
a. Test for 7th Hr. will be Tuesday, December 15
b. Test for 1st and 2nd Hr. will be Wednesday, December 16
c. Test for 5th & 6th Hr. will be Thursday, December 17
d. Test for 3rd & 4th Hr. will be Friday, December 18
2. The semester test will cover: understanding communication, verbal and nonverbal communication, intrapersonal communication, the informative speaking process, and parliamentary procedure. It will be important that students spend time studying the study guide as the semester test grade will be 20% of the semester grade. Nothing must be looked up. Just study what I have given you and you will do great.
Final Exam Study Guide
1. An effective communicator is a good listener, knowledgeable on the topic, and organized
2. Messages are carried by symbols in all communication situations
3. Communication is defined as a process of sharing information _____.
4. Communication between two or more people is interpersonal.
5. Channels of communication are our -sense of touch, sound waves and light waves
6. A formal communication setting allows for preparation beforehand
7. In conversation between two friends, the roles of sender and receiver switch back and forth between the two people
8. The nonverbal symbol(s) in face-to-face communication are gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice .
9. The three kinds of interference that obstruct clear communication are physical, psychological, semantic
10. Feedback is a return message
11. Communication is essential in meeting social needs, building relationships and making decisions
12. An informal communication setting includes conversation with family and friends
13. In a public speaking situation speaker’s purpose can be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain the audience
14. Debaters must prove or disprove a statement and take opposing sides on an issue.
15. One of the first steps in the communication process is having an idea to communicate.
16. A speaker can gather information about an audience by considering the audience on cultural, sociological and individual levels
17. In examining an audience’s cultural characteristics, the speaker considers age, religion, and national and ethnic background
18. Knowing the audience’s background helps the speaker predict how the audience will respond to the information and interpret the audience’s feedback
19. The process of turning ideas and feelings into symbols to be communicated is encoding.
20. Interpreting the symbols in a message is called decoding.
21. Nonverbal language is communication without words
22. Some of the functions of nonverbal language are to agree with or contradict verbal messages, to replace verbal messages and to emphasize verbal messages
23. The first thing that children learn about language is symbolic meanings
24. Some of the ways or reasons that language changes are new words are needed for new objects and ideas, meanings of existing words change and words come from other languages
25. The denotation of a word is its dictionary meaning
26. The connotation of a word is the feelings and associations the word evokes
27. The following words have positive connotations: healthy, sweet, fresh
28. The following words have neutral connotations: explain, viewers, letter
29. Standard American English is useful because it is widely used and accepted
30. Jargon is understood by people in a particular group or field
31. A dialect differs from Standard American English in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice
32. Jargon is inappropriate for speaking outside the group that uses that jargon
33. A perception check is a verbal statement about another person’s nonverbal behavior
34. People use masking when they want to disguise their feelings
35. Appearance can be interpreted by others as a clue about your attitudes, interests, and self-regard
36. Paralanguage involves voice variation, nonword sounds and pauses.
37. *Features of the environment that can send important messages to your audience include color, space, lighting, and sound.
38. Your personal space extends from 18 inches to 4 feet between you and other people.
39. Effective listening means getting meaning from sounds that are heard and being attentive and receptive
40. Factors such as your energy level, the traits, attitudes, and habits of the speaker and physical setting often affect your ability to listen
41. A critical listener usually comprehends and tests the strength of ideas
42. A speaker’s main ideas are the most important points in a speech
43. A speaker’s nonverbal clues, such as facial expressions, should be watched closely.
44. Changing volume, stressing certain words, and using gestures emphasize key meanings.
45. A stereotype is based on irrelevant evidence and based on biased beliefs
46. The connotation of a word is the feelings or associations a word evokes.
47. Your private self is that part of yourself that is most true to your self-concept
48. Intrapersonal communication is talking with yourself
49. Interpretation is explaining the information that has been selected and organized.
50. When messages are vague or very complex, listeners are more likely to misinterpret them
51. Differences in perception from one person to another result from background and experience, current mood and circumstances and selected focus
52. If you have had a lot of positive experiences, you probably have a positive self-concept
53. If you hear a lot of praise, or concentrate on the praise more than the blame, you will probably have a positive self-concept
54. Selected focus leads you to notice some things and to ignore others.
55. With a positive self-concept, you might make decisions more easily _____
56. To improve your self-concept in the area of athletic ability, you might think of three positive experiences you’ve had doing something athletic
57. William Schultz says that the need to control others or to relinquish control to them is a basic interpersonal need that affects behavior.
58. Abraham Maslow said that the five categories of needs are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization
59. Maslow said that you need to have your physiological needs met before you can think about any other needs.
60. Attitudes are long-lasting organizations of beliefs that cause you to respond in particular ways.
61. Your attitudes are likely to be affected by whether you’re introverted or extroverted, whether you feel that you are generally in control, and how shy you are and in what situations
62. If you can set and meet realistic goals for yourself, your self-esteem will improve
63. Your private self is the most like your self-concept.
64. One of the ways you learn which roles are appropriate in which situations is by getting feedback from others.
65. Need compatibility means that the role that you are playing meets someone else’s needs
66. If you have an accurate and strong self-concept, you will probably see other people’s strengths and weaknesses clearly
67. A perception check is a verbal statement that reflects your understanding of another person’s nonverbal cues
68. When you brainstorm a subject, you list ideas about the subject without evaluating them.
69. When deciding on a speech topic, always try to select one that interest you, you know something about and is appropriate for the occasion on which the speech will be given
70. The general purpose of a speech can be to inform, persuade or entertain
71. The specific purpose of a speech is its specific goal, stated in a complete declarative sentence
72. A specific purpose stating “I will explain two principles of karate and three principles of judo” needs improvement because too many ideas are included
73. Beginning a specific purpose statement for a speech with the words “I want to explain” indicates that the general purpose of the speech is to inform
74. A thesis statement is developed before research begins if the speaker is already knowledgeable
75. A persuasive speaker uses information to convince the audience
76. Motion to amend is called when a member wants to change a part of the bill.
77. Motion to follow up is called when you’ve asked a question and want a second one
78. Point of order is called when proper procedure isn’t being followed
79. Division is called when a member wants a revote
80. Second is called to show support for the previous motion
81. Point of information is called if a member has a question about procedure
82. Motion to adjourn is called when a member wants to end a session
83. You must have a friendly and an opposition speech before you can vote.
84. When you yield, you are returning the floor to someone else to speak.
.
85. Amendments require a super majority.
86. Bills require a simple majority vote.
87. You can only amend the section part of a bill.
88. Parliamentary procedure is an actual set of rules for running meetings.
89. Whereas Clause 1 addresses the significance of the problem
90. Whereas clause 2 addresses the harms of the problem.
91. Whereas Clause 3 addresses what is preventing your bill from existing now
92. Whereas clause 4 addresses how your bill will solve the harms
93. Section 1 addresses a complete statement of the plan of the bill
94. Section 2 addresses when the bill goes into effect
95. Section 3 addresses how the bill will be enforced and the penalties for not enforcing it
96. Section 4 addresses how the bill will be funded
97. In the conclusion of the speech, the speaker’s goal may be to intensify the audience’s emotional reaction to the topic, summarize key ideas and emphasize key ideas
98. A speech can be introduced by making a startling statement, telling a story and using audiovisual materials
99. The three major parts of every speech are the introduction, body and conclusion
100. Summary, recommendation, and stirring ending are all examples of conclusions Semester Test
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Sunday, November 15, 2009
"Bills" to Choose From or Not
Possible Bills for Student Congress
Roger’s School Board. - At least one field trip per subject a year be encouraged in Rogers schools.
Roger’s School Board – that elementary schools in Rogers implement a core curriculum and weekly follow up programs to teach anger management and conflict resolution skills.
Roger’s School Board – that the Roger’s School District implement year round school for 50% of its schools.
Roger School Board—Roger’s high schools should have an open campus policy
Rogers School Board—Roger’s schools should provide childcare for students with children.
Rogers School Board—dress codes should be revised.
Rogers School Board --Nurses in Rogers Public Schools should be allowed to dispense over the counter pain relievers
Rogers School Board – Implement the use of uniforms in the Rogers School District.
Rogers School Board—revise the current required credits to allow for a basic graduation requirement of 21 and college preparatory number of 24 credits.
RHS school board—that cells phones should not be allowed on the RHS campus at any time.
Ark. - Recommending to the Arkansas general assembly that Ark high school graduation requirements include passing a personal finance class for ½ credit
Ark. - Drilling and mining for diamonds should be expanded within the Crater of Diamonds State Park
Arkansas - Same sex marriage be recognized as a legal partnership.
Ark.—Use of a network for acknowledgment to schools about teachers who have been dismissed from teaching because of sexual misconduct.
Ark—Each county must provide an alternative teaching environment for educating students with mental and behavioral problems who constitute a chronic disruption of education or is a danger to other students
Arkansas—revocation of the ban on single parent adoption and foster care.
Ark.—any couple seeking a divorce who have children under the age of eighteen should attend compulsory classes on the effects that divorce has on children before being granted a divorce.
Ark.—that the uniform start date for public schools be changed to August 10. (allow for more mini-breaks, etc.)
Ark.—that Arkansas Code Section 8-9-203 be amended so that all recycling materials besides aluminum be placed in a landfill (argument that recycling is too costly and puts deadly toxins in the air, etc.)
Ark.—that racial criteria in determining the eligibility for state funded student aid in Arkansas be eliminated.
Ark. – that an equal amount of time should be spent in Arkansas Public Schools teaching creationism as well as evolution.
Ark. – that steering wheel alcohol sensors be placed in every car owned by a recipient of one or more D.U.I.’s.
Ark. --Assisted suicide should be legalized in situations of special circumstances.
Ark. --Nursing homes and child daycare centers be required to have and maintain surveillance cameras for safety.
Ark. - that all students be required to take a sex education course in high school (9-12).
Ark. - that all Arkansas motor vehicles be required to display front and back license plates.
Ark. - that the state of Arkansas requires that water safety courses be mandatory for use of personal watercraft.
Ark. – that bus safety be taught as required curriculum in grades k-6.
Ark. – Arkansas laws should be amended to allow students to drop out of school at age sixteen only with signed permission from their parents and present proof for immediate career training or full time employment.
Ark. – that the death penalty be abolished in Arkansas.
Arkansas—mandatory school attendance laws should be revised or repealed
Arkansas--That driver’s education be made available in the high school curriculum as a credited course choice
Ark.—that marijuana should be legalized
Ark.—that marijuana should be de-criminalized statewide for possession of an ounce or less.
Ark.—The use of cell phones be prohibited while driving for drivers of all ages.
Ark.—That car insurance companies in Arkansas be legally allowed to verify activity on mobile phone records and deny payment of collision claims to the driver at-fault in an accident if caught texting at the time of the accident.
Ark.—age regulations on getting a tattoo should be lifted
Ark. - A bill recommending to the Ark. congress that regulations for public welfare be altered to ensure that recipients are working to improve their circumstances
Ark. - recommending that Arkansas law restrictions on driver’s license regarding non-payment of child support be revised.
Ark.- mortgage companies should require all loan customers to insure their mortgages for the first five years of the loan.
Ark. – that all Arkansas hospitals be required to boldly display at the front desk in the entrance lobby, the numbers of staff infections passed on to their patients every month.
U.S. - Recommending to the US congress that human stem cell research be limited to adult stem cells only
U. S--. Rape cases should not have a statute of limitations if DNA is present
U. S. Amend the 9th amendment to take away the right to have an abortion
U.S. -. The Federal Railroad Administration be given authorization to expand a high speed rail network
U. S. – that Nuclear energy constitutes at least 50% of the energy produced in the United State by 2020
U.S. - Phone companies be prohibited to charge consumers for messages they receive.
U.S. –That the War Powers Act of 1973 (in general --gives the President power to declare military action without a vote from both houses) be amended.
U.S. --the electoral college be abolished.
U.S.—that the maximum allowable speed limit on U.S. Highways does not exceed 55 mph.
U.S. –that the department of the treasury redesign banknotes. (argues that that our present paper currency discriminates against the visually impaired)
U.S.—that all licensed drivers must use the “opt-out” process for organ donation. (argues that everyone should be required to be an organ donor in case of death unless they specifically “opt-out” in writing why they choose not to be an organ donor)
U.S. -- that the No Child Left Behind Act be revised to reduce the number of tests.
US--Illegal immigrants should be granted amnesty
US--Animal research on vanity products should be banned immediately nationwide
US--Military service personnel are required to serve only 2 years in the armed forces, and the government cannot extend their service time without the soldier’s consent
US--Criminal sentencing laws across the United States need to be standardized from state to state.
US—pass a 15% flat federal tax for all earnings, with no deductions of any kind allowed.
U.S.—That all charitable organizations that solicit funds from the public be required to publically post their distribution of funds, executive salaries and expenditures by way of the internet or pay taxes on monies solicited.
U.S.—That credit card companies should be prohibited from charging an interest rate over 12%.
U.S.—establish a national WPA (works project association) in order to put many of America’s jobless back to work and to upgrade our aging infrastructures.
U.S.—that the government offer one to three percent interest rates for homes to all U.S. citizens instead of offering zero interest rates to banks and mortgage companies who charge citizens five and a half percent or more.
U.S.—corporations that lose cases that resulted in personal injury or property damage or loss of employment be required to pay at least 25% of the damages immediately and the corporation will not be allowed to appeal the verdict more than once.
U.S.—establish a nationwide bottle bill that imposes a 5 cent deposit on all beverage containers. (See Ed Markey’s bill – Democrat- Mass.)
U.S.—that any sweeping health care reform be approved by a popular vote.
U.S.—that a national health care bill should not be passed without first testing its merits in at least one voluntary state for a reasonable time period.
U.S.—that all elected officials (city, county, state and national) account for and post all campaign contribution amounts by donors once a year—all to print within the same week in the newspaper in addition to maintaining continual access on-line and updated.
U.S.—A state and National Consumer Alert network should be setup alphabetically covering all businesses and allowing all consumers the opportunity for input.
U.S.—That all health care coverage providers be allowed to compete for business in all states instead of limiting the number of providers that each state is permitted to have.
U.S.—That all U.S. taxpayers be given the choice of paying half of the determined amount of social security taxes with the understanding that they will only be eligible for one half of the benefits as well as being required to place the other half in a savings plan of their choosing.
Roger’s School Board. - At least one field trip per subject a year be encouraged in Rogers schools.
Roger’s School Board – that elementary schools in Rogers implement a core curriculum and weekly follow up programs to teach anger management and conflict resolution skills.
Roger’s School Board – that the Roger’s School District implement year round school for 50% of its schools.
Roger School Board—Roger’s high schools should have an open campus policy
Rogers School Board—Roger’s schools should provide childcare for students with children.
Rogers School Board—dress codes should be revised.
Rogers School Board --Nurses in Rogers Public Schools should be allowed to dispense over the counter pain relievers
Rogers School Board – Implement the use of uniforms in the Rogers School District.
Rogers School Board—revise the current required credits to allow for a basic graduation requirement of 21 and college preparatory number of 24 credits.
RHS school board—that cells phones should not be allowed on the RHS campus at any time.
Ark. - Recommending to the Arkansas general assembly that Ark high school graduation requirements include passing a personal finance class for ½ credit
Ark. - Drilling and mining for diamonds should be expanded within the Crater of Diamonds State Park
Arkansas - Same sex marriage be recognized as a legal partnership.
Ark.—Use of a network for acknowledgment to schools about teachers who have been dismissed from teaching because of sexual misconduct.
Ark—Each county must provide an alternative teaching environment for educating students with mental and behavioral problems who constitute a chronic disruption of education or is a danger to other students
Arkansas—revocation of the ban on single parent adoption and foster care.
Ark.—any couple seeking a divorce who have children under the age of eighteen should attend compulsory classes on the effects that divorce has on children before being granted a divorce.
Ark.—that the uniform start date for public schools be changed to August 10. (allow for more mini-breaks, etc.)
Ark.—that Arkansas Code Section 8-9-203 be amended so that all recycling materials besides aluminum be placed in a landfill (argument that recycling is too costly and puts deadly toxins in the air, etc.)
Ark.—that racial criteria in determining the eligibility for state funded student aid in Arkansas be eliminated.
Ark. – that an equal amount of time should be spent in Arkansas Public Schools teaching creationism as well as evolution.
Ark. – that steering wheel alcohol sensors be placed in every car owned by a recipient of one or more D.U.I.’s.
Ark. --Assisted suicide should be legalized in situations of special circumstances.
Ark. --Nursing homes and child daycare centers be required to have and maintain surveillance cameras for safety.
Ark. - that all students be required to take a sex education course in high school (9-12).
Ark. - that all Arkansas motor vehicles be required to display front and back license plates.
Ark. - that the state of Arkansas requires that water safety courses be mandatory for use of personal watercraft.
Ark. – that bus safety be taught as required curriculum in grades k-6.
Ark. – Arkansas laws should be amended to allow students to drop out of school at age sixteen only with signed permission from their parents and present proof for immediate career training or full time employment.
Ark. – that the death penalty be abolished in Arkansas.
Arkansas—mandatory school attendance laws should be revised or repealed
Arkansas--That driver’s education be made available in the high school curriculum as a credited course choice
Ark.—that marijuana should be legalized
Ark.—that marijuana should be de-criminalized statewide for possession of an ounce or less.
Ark.—The use of cell phones be prohibited while driving for drivers of all ages.
Ark.—That car insurance companies in Arkansas be legally allowed to verify activity on mobile phone records and deny payment of collision claims to the driver at-fault in an accident if caught texting at the time of the accident.
Ark.—age regulations on getting a tattoo should be lifted
Ark. - A bill recommending to the Ark. congress that regulations for public welfare be altered to ensure that recipients are working to improve their circumstances
Ark. - recommending that Arkansas law restrictions on driver’s license regarding non-payment of child support be revised.
Ark.- mortgage companies should require all loan customers to insure their mortgages for the first five years of the loan.
Ark. – that all Arkansas hospitals be required to boldly display at the front desk in the entrance lobby, the numbers of staff infections passed on to their patients every month.
U.S. - Recommending to the US congress that human stem cell research be limited to adult stem cells only
U. S--. Rape cases should not have a statute of limitations if DNA is present
U. S. Amend the 9th amendment to take away the right to have an abortion
U.S. -. The Federal Railroad Administration be given authorization to expand a high speed rail network
U. S. – that Nuclear energy constitutes at least 50% of the energy produced in the United State by 2020
U.S. - Phone companies be prohibited to charge consumers for messages they receive.
U.S. –That the War Powers Act of 1973 (in general --gives the President power to declare military action without a vote from both houses) be amended.
U.S. --the electoral college be abolished.
U.S.—that the maximum allowable speed limit on U.S. Highways does not exceed 55 mph.
U.S. –that the department of the treasury redesign banknotes. (argues that that our present paper currency discriminates against the visually impaired)
U.S.—that all licensed drivers must use the “opt-out” process for organ donation. (argues that everyone should be required to be an organ donor in case of death unless they specifically “opt-out” in writing why they choose not to be an organ donor)
U.S. -- that the No Child Left Behind Act be revised to reduce the number of tests.
US--Illegal immigrants should be granted amnesty
US--Animal research on vanity products should be banned immediately nationwide
US--Military service personnel are required to serve only 2 years in the armed forces, and the government cannot extend their service time without the soldier’s consent
US--Criminal sentencing laws across the United States need to be standardized from state to state.
US—pass a 15% flat federal tax for all earnings, with no deductions of any kind allowed.
U.S.—That all charitable organizations that solicit funds from the public be required to publically post their distribution of funds, executive salaries and expenditures by way of the internet or pay taxes on monies solicited.
U.S.—That credit card companies should be prohibited from charging an interest rate over 12%.
U.S.—establish a national WPA (works project association) in order to put many of America’s jobless back to work and to upgrade our aging infrastructures.
U.S.—that the government offer one to three percent interest rates for homes to all U.S. citizens instead of offering zero interest rates to banks and mortgage companies who charge citizens five and a half percent or more.
U.S.—corporations that lose cases that resulted in personal injury or property damage or loss of employment be required to pay at least 25% of the damages immediately and the corporation will not be allowed to appeal the verdict more than once.
U.S.—establish a nationwide bottle bill that imposes a 5 cent deposit on all beverage containers. (See Ed Markey’s bill – Democrat- Mass.)
U.S.—that any sweeping health care reform be approved by a popular vote.
U.S.—that a national health care bill should not be passed without first testing its merits in at least one voluntary state for a reasonable time period.
U.S.—that all elected officials (city, county, state and national) account for and post all campaign contribution amounts by donors once a year—all to print within the same week in the newspaper in addition to maintaining continual access on-line and updated.
U.S.—A state and National Consumer Alert network should be setup alphabetically covering all businesses and allowing all consumers the opportunity for input.
U.S.—That all health care coverage providers be allowed to compete for business in all states instead of limiting the number of providers that each state is permitted to have.
U.S.—That all U.S. taxpayers be given the choice of paying half of the determined amount of social security taxes with the understanding that they will only be eligible for one half of the benefits as well as being required to place the other half in a savings plan of their choosing.
Overview from now till End of Course - Nov. 17 to Dec. 18, 2009
Congressional Bills Assignment & Oral Comm. Semester Test Study Guide
Monday, November 16, we will begin with discussion and notes on congressional bills and parliamentary procedure, our next big project. Our classroom will present their bills much like Congress does in passing laws. But before the classroom becomes a student congress, we will have to conduct research and each student will have to draft their own bill to submit to the class to be debated and voted upon.
1. Students will have the opportunity to choose their own issue that they feel warrants change in our present system concerning either--school policy, local policy, state law, or national law.
2. Students may also choose to have a partner in this project. Careful thought should be taken in choosing a partner as this choice cannot help but have an impact on the overall effectiveness of a bill.
3. Students will receive points for drafting their bills, presenting their bills, and their parliamentary procedure skills which includes points for following parliamentary procedure and for participation in the debates of the various bills.
4. Students must participate in the debates and questioning periods of their class student congress in order to do well on this project which will be worth 150 to possibly 200 points (depending on how we decide to count short debate speeches and how many extra credit points may be earned).
4. Thursday, November 19, we will begin our research by going to the computer lab every day through Thursday, December 3.
5. Before the time we leave the computer lab, students will be responsible for having their bills typed and ready to submit to me in order for me to make a copy of every student's (within a class) bill -- so all will have a packet of any current and future bills on the floor.
6. We will begin bill presentations on December 4, and hopefully complete our session by December 10.
Semester Test
1. Attached is a study guide for the semester exam which will be given by, or shortly before December 18, our last day of the semester and of Oral Communications for this group of students.
a. Test for 7th Hr. will be Tuesday, December 15
b. Test for 1st and 2nd Hr. will be Wednesday, December 16
c. Test for 5th & 6th Hr. will be Thursday, December 17
d. Test for 3rd & 4th Hr. will be Friday, December 18
2. The semester test will cover: understanding communication, verbal and nonverbal communication, intrapersonal communication, the informative speaking process, and parliamentary procedure. It will be important that students spend time studying the study guide as the semester test grade will be 20% of the semester grade.
Final Exam Study Guide
1. An effective communicator is a good listener, knowledgeable on the topic, and organized
2. Messages are carried by symbols in all communication situations
3. Communication is defined as a process of sharing information _____.
4. Communication between two or more people is interpersonal.
5. Channels of communication are our -sense of touch, sound waves and light waves
6. A formal communication setting allows for preparation beforehand
7. In conversation between two friends, the roles of sender and receiver switch back and forth between the two people
8. The nonverbal symbol(s) in face-to-face communication are gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice .
9. The three kinds of interference that obstruct clear communication are physical, psychological, semantic
10. Feedback is a return message
11. Communication is essential in meeting social needs, building relationships and making decisions
12. An informal communication setting includes conversation with family and friends
13. In a public speaking situation speaker’s purpose can be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain the audience
14. Debaters must prove or disprove a statement and take opposing sides on an issue.
15. One of the first steps in the communication process is having an idea to communicate.
16. A speaker can gather information about an audience by considering the audience on cultural, sociological and individual levels
17. In examining an audience’s cultural characteristics, the speaker considers age, religion, and national and ethnic background
18. Knowing the audience’s background helps the speaker predict how the audience will respond to the information and interpret the audience’s feedback
19. The process of turning ideas and feelings into symbols to be communicated is encoding.
20. Interpreting the symbols in a message is called decoding.
21. Nonverbal language is communication without words
22. Some of the functions of nonverbal language are to agree with or contradict verbal messages, to replace verbal messages and to emphasize verbal messages
23. The first thing that children learn about language is symbolic meanings
24. Some of the ways or reasons that language changes are new words are needed for new objects and ideas, meanings of existing words change and words come from other languages
25. The denotation of a word is its dictionary meaning
26. The connotation of a word is the feelings and associations the word evokes
27. The following words have positive connotations: healthy, sweet, fresh
28. The following words have neutral connotations: explain, viewers, letter
29. Standard American English is useful because it is widely used and accepted
30. Jargon is understood by people in a particular group or field
31. A dialect differs from Standard American English in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice
32. Jargon is inappropriate for speaking outside the group that uses that jargon
33. A perception check is a verbal statement about another person’s nonverbal behavior
34. People use masking when they want to disguise their feelings
35. Appearance can be interpreted by others as a clue about your attitudes, interests, and self-regard
36. Paralanguage involves voice variation, nonword sounds and pauses.
37. *Features of the environment that can send important messages to your audience include color, space, lighting, and sound.
38. Your personal space extends from 18 inches to 4 feet between you and other people.
39. Effective listening means getting meaning from sounds that are heard and being attentive and receptive
40. Factors such as your energy level, the traits, attitudes, and habits of the speaker and physical setting often affect your ability to listen
41. A critical listener usually comprehends and tests the strength of ideas
42. A speaker’s main ideas are the most important points in a speech
43. A speaker’s nonverbal clues, such as facial expressions, should be watched closely.
44. Changing volume, stressing certain words, and using gestures emphasize key meanings.
45. A stereotype is based on irrelevant evidence and based on biased beliefs
46. The connotation of a word is the feelings or associations a word evokes.
47. Your private self is that part of yourself that is most true to your self-concept
48. Intrapersonal communication is talking with yourself
49. Interpretation is explaining the information that has been selected and organized.
50. When messages are vague or very complex, listeners are more likely to misinterpret them
51. Differences in perception from one person to another result from background and experience, current mood and circumstances and selected focus
52. If you have had a lot of positive experiences, you probably have a positive self-concept
53. If you hear a lot of praise, or concentrate on the praise more than the blame, you will probably have a positive self-concept
54. Selected focus leads you to notice some things and to ignore others.
55. With a positive self-concept, you might make decisions more easily _____
56. To improve your self-concept in the area of athletic ability, you might think of three positive experiences you’ve had doing something athletic
57. William Schultz says that the need to control others or to relinquish control to them is a basic interpersonal need that affects behavior.
58. Abraham Maslow said that the five categories of needs are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization
59. Maslow said that you need to have your physiological needs met before you can think about any other needs.
60. Attitudes are long-lasting organizations of beliefs that cause you to respond in particular ways.
61. Your attitudes are likely to be affected by whether you’re introverted or extroverted, whether you feel that you are generally in control, and how shy you are and in what situations
62. If you can set and meet realistic goals for yourself, your self-esteem will improve
63. Your private self is the most like your self-concept.
64. One of the ways you learn which roles are appropriate in which situations is by getting feedback from others.
65. Need compatibility means that the role that you are playing meets someone else’s needs
66. If you have an accurate and strong self-concept, you will probably see other people’s strengths and weaknesses clearly
67. A perception check is a verbal statement that reflects your understanding of another person’s nonverbal cues
68. When you brainstorm a subject, you list ideas about the subject without evaluating them.
69. When deciding on a speech topic, always try to select one that interest you, you know something about and is appropriate for the occasion on which the speech will be given
70. The general purpose of a speech can be to inform, persuade or entertain
71. The specific purpose of a speech is its specific goal, stated in a complete declarative sentence
72. A specific purpose stating “I will explain two principles of karate and three principles of judo” needs improvement because too many ideas are included
73. Beginning a specific purpose statement for a speech with the words “I want to explain” indicates that the general purpose of the speech is to inform
74. A thesis statement is developed before research begins if the speaker is already knowledgeable
75. A persuasive speaker uses information to convince the audience
76. Motion to amend is called when a member wants to change a part of the bill.
77. Motion to follow up is called when you’ve asked a question and want a second one
78. Point of order is called when proper procedure isn’t being followed
79. Division is called when a member wants a revote
80. Second is called to show support for the previous motion
81. Point of information is called if a member has a question about procedure
82. Motion to adjourn is called when a member wants to end a session
83. You must have a friendly and an opposition speech before you can vote.
84. When you yield, you are returning the floor to someone else to speak.
.
85. Amendments require a super majority.
86. Bills require a simple majority vote.
87. You can only amend the section part of a bill.
88. Parliamentary procedure is an actual set of rules for running meetings.
89. Whereas Clause 1 addresses the significance of the problem
90. Whereas clause 2 addresses the harms of the problem.
91. Whereas Clause 3 addresses what is preventing your bill from existing now
92. Whereas clause 4 addresses how your bill will solve the harms
93. Section 1 addresses a complete statement of the plan of the bill
94. Section 2 addresses when the bill goes into effect
95. Section 3 addresses how the bill will be enforced and the penalties for not enforcing it
96. Section 4 addresses how the bill will be funded
97. In the conclusion of the speech, the speaker’s goal may be to intensify the audience’s emotional reaction to the topic, summarize key ideas and emphasize key ideas
98. A speech can be introduced by making a startling statement, telling a story and using audiovisual materials
99. The three major parts of every speech are the introduction, body and conclusion
100. Summary, recommendation, and stirring ending are all examples of conclusions
Monday, November 16, we will begin with discussion and notes on congressional bills and parliamentary procedure, our next big project. Our classroom will present their bills much like Congress does in passing laws. But before the classroom becomes a student congress, we will have to conduct research and each student will have to draft their own bill to submit to the class to be debated and voted upon.
1. Students will have the opportunity to choose their own issue that they feel warrants change in our present system concerning either--school policy, local policy, state law, or national law.
2. Students may also choose to have a partner in this project. Careful thought should be taken in choosing a partner as this choice cannot help but have an impact on the overall effectiveness of a bill.
3. Students will receive points for drafting their bills, presenting their bills, and their parliamentary procedure skills which includes points for following parliamentary procedure and for participation in the debates of the various bills.
4. Students must participate in the debates and questioning periods of their class student congress in order to do well on this project which will be worth 150 to possibly 200 points (depending on how we decide to count short debate speeches and how many extra credit points may be earned).
4. Thursday, November 19, we will begin our research by going to the computer lab every day through Thursday, December 3.
5. Before the time we leave the computer lab, students will be responsible for having their bills typed and ready to submit to me in order for me to make a copy of every student's (within a class) bill -- so all will have a packet of any current and future bills on the floor.
6. We will begin bill presentations on December 4, and hopefully complete our session by December 10.
Semester Test
1. Attached is a study guide for the semester exam which will be given by, or shortly before December 18, our last day of the semester and of Oral Communications for this group of students.
a. Test for 7th Hr. will be Tuesday, December 15
b. Test for 1st and 2nd Hr. will be Wednesday, December 16
c. Test for 5th & 6th Hr. will be Thursday, December 17
d. Test for 3rd & 4th Hr. will be Friday, December 18
2. The semester test will cover: understanding communication, verbal and nonverbal communication, intrapersonal communication, the informative speaking process, and parliamentary procedure. It will be important that students spend time studying the study guide as the semester test grade will be 20% of the semester grade.
Final Exam Study Guide
1. An effective communicator is a good listener, knowledgeable on the topic, and organized
2. Messages are carried by symbols in all communication situations
3. Communication is defined as a process of sharing information _____.
4. Communication between two or more people is interpersonal.
5. Channels of communication are our -sense of touch, sound waves and light waves
6. A formal communication setting allows for preparation beforehand
7. In conversation between two friends, the roles of sender and receiver switch back and forth between the two people
8. The nonverbal symbol(s) in face-to-face communication are gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice .
9. The three kinds of interference that obstruct clear communication are physical, psychological, semantic
10. Feedback is a return message
11. Communication is essential in meeting social needs, building relationships and making decisions
12. An informal communication setting includes conversation with family and friends
13. In a public speaking situation speaker’s purpose can be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain the audience
14. Debaters must prove or disprove a statement and take opposing sides on an issue.
15. One of the first steps in the communication process is having an idea to communicate.
16. A speaker can gather information about an audience by considering the audience on cultural, sociological and individual levels
17. In examining an audience’s cultural characteristics, the speaker considers age, religion, and national and ethnic background
18. Knowing the audience’s background helps the speaker predict how the audience will respond to the information and interpret the audience’s feedback
19. The process of turning ideas and feelings into symbols to be communicated is encoding.
20. Interpreting the symbols in a message is called decoding.
21. Nonverbal language is communication without words
22. Some of the functions of nonverbal language are to agree with or contradict verbal messages, to replace verbal messages and to emphasize verbal messages
23. The first thing that children learn about language is symbolic meanings
24. Some of the ways or reasons that language changes are new words are needed for new objects and ideas, meanings of existing words change and words come from other languages
25. The denotation of a word is its dictionary meaning
26. The connotation of a word is the feelings and associations the word evokes
27. The following words have positive connotations: healthy, sweet, fresh
28. The following words have neutral connotations: explain, viewers, letter
29. Standard American English is useful because it is widely used and accepted
30. Jargon is understood by people in a particular group or field
31. A dialect differs from Standard American English in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice
32. Jargon is inappropriate for speaking outside the group that uses that jargon
33. A perception check is a verbal statement about another person’s nonverbal behavior
34. People use masking when they want to disguise their feelings
35. Appearance can be interpreted by others as a clue about your attitudes, interests, and self-regard
36. Paralanguage involves voice variation, nonword sounds and pauses.
37. *Features of the environment that can send important messages to your audience include color, space, lighting, and sound.
38. Your personal space extends from 18 inches to 4 feet between you and other people.
39. Effective listening means getting meaning from sounds that are heard and being attentive and receptive
40. Factors such as your energy level, the traits, attitudes, and habits of the speaker and physical setting often affect your ability to listen
41. A critical listener usually comprehends and tests the strength of ideas
42. A speaker’s main ideas are the most important points in a speech
43. A speaker’s nonverbal clues, such as facial expressions, should be watched closely.
44. Changing volume, stressing certain words, and using gestures emphasize key meanings.
45. A stereotype is based on irrelevant evidence and based on biased beliefs
46. The connotation of a word is the feelings or associations a word evokes.
47. Your private self is that part of yourself that is most true to your self-concept
48. Intrapersonal communication is talking with yourself
49. Interpretation is explaining the information that has been selected and organized.
50. When messages are vague or very complex, listeners are more likely to misinterpret them
51. Differences in perception from one person to another result from background and experience, current mood and circumstances and selected focus
52. If you have had a lot of positive experiences, you probably have a positive self-concept
53. If you hear a lot of praise, or concentrate on the praise more than the blame, you will probably have a positive self-concept
54. Selected focus leads you to notice some things and to ignore others.
55. With a positive self-concept, you might make decisions more easily _____
56. To improve your self-concept in the area of athletic ability, you might think of three positive experiences you’ve had doing something athletic
57. William Schultz says that the need to control others or to relinquish control to them is a basic interpersonal need that affects behavior.
58. Abraham Maslow said that the five categories of needs are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization
59. Maslow said that you need to have your physiological needs met before you can think about any other needs.
60. Attitudes are long-lasting organizations of beliefs that cause you to respond in particular ways.
61. Your attitudes are likely to be affected by whether you’re introverted or extroverted, whether you feel that you are generally in control, and how shy you are and in what situations
62. If you can set and meet realistic goals for yourself, your self-esteem will improve
63. Your private self is the most like your self-concept.
64. One of the ways you learn which roles are appropriate in which situations is by getting feedback from others.
65. Need compatibility means that the role that you are playing meets someone else’s needs
66. If you have an accurate and strong self-concept, you will probably see other people’s strengths and weaknesses clearly
67. A perception check is a verbal statement that reflects your understanding of another person’s nonverbal cues
68. When you brainstorm a subject, you list ideas about the subject without evaluating them.
69. When deciding on a speech topic, always try to select one that interest you, you know something about and is appropriate for the occasion on which the speech will be given
70. The general purpose of a speech can be to inform, persuade or entertain
71. The specific purpose of a speech is its specific goal, stated in a complete declarative sentence
72. A specific purpose stating “I will explain two principles of karate and three principles of judo” needs improvement because too many ideas are included
73. Beginning a specific purpose statement for a speech with the words “I want to explain” indicates that the general purpose of the speech is to inform
74. A thesis statement is developed before research begins if the speaker is already knowledgeable
75. A persuasive speaker uses information to convince the audience
76. Motion to amend is called when a member wants to change a part of the bill.
77. Motion to follow up is called when you’ve asked a question and want a second one
78. Point of order is called when proper procedure isn’t being followed
79. Division is called when a member wants a revote
80. Second is called to show support for the previous motion
81. Point of information is called if a member has a question about procedure
82. Motion to adjourn is called when a member wants to end a session
83. You must have a friendly and an opposition speech before you can vote.
84. When you yield, you are returning the floor to someone else to speak.
.
85. Amendments require a super majority.
86. Bills require a simple majority vote.
87. You can only amend the section part of a bill.
88. Parliamentary procedure is an actual set of rules for running meetings.
89. Whereas Clause 1 addresses the significance of the problem
90. Whereas clause 2 addresses the harms of the problem.
91. Whereas Clause 3 addresses what is preventing your bill from existing now
92. Whereas clause 4 addresses how your bill will solve the harms
93. Section 1 addresses a complete statement of the plan of the bill
94. Section 2 addresses when the bill goes into effect
95. Section 3 addresses how the bill will be enforced and the penalties for not enforcing it
96. Section 4 addresses how the bill will be funded
97. In the conclusion of the speech, the speaker’s goal may be to intensify the audience’s emotional reaction to the topic, summarize key ideas and emphasize key ideas
98. A speech can be introduced by making a startling statement, telling a story and using audiovisual materials
99. The three major parts of every speech are the introduction, body and conclusion
100. Summary, recommendation, and stirring ending are all examples of conclusions
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Informative Speech Information
The informative speech assignment is due on October 14 and must have a formal written outline and be at least 3 minutes in length. Speech will be worth 125 points. You may choose to do either an expository informative speech (give information about topic of your choice presented in an interesting format) or a process informative speech (where you show audience how to do something, how to make something or how something works). The demonstration or process speech requires that you have something physical in-hand to actually demonstrate a process step by step. (NO food or drinks) Both speeches (whichever one you choose to give) must have a formal outline (25 points). The outlines and speeches are each somewhat different. Examples of both types with topic ideas are also included.
STEPS FOR COMPLETING AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH
I. Consider the audience and the occasion.
II. Choose a topic.
III. Narrow the topic.
IV. Research your topic.
V. While researching, make sure that you copy down information for your bibliography.
VI. Write your thesis statement. (It needs to be a complete sentence)
A. The thesis statement for a speech needs to be specific—break your main ideas up into sections (or steps if it is a process) and no more than 5.
1. The music of the Beatles had three distinct periods and three distinct sounds, their earlier teeny-bopper music, the transitional period, and the sounds they were making when they split up.
2. The five steps for making a friendship blanket are to: measure the wrist, gather your materials, decide upon a pattern or weave, attach the strips with a clip to an object, and weave the pattern.
B. The sections that you have broken your speech into in your thesis will then become the main points of your speech in the body—but with details (support)
VII. Organize your speech.
A. Write the body first, choosing a type of organizational pattern that works best for presenting your topic in the most efficient and interesting way.
1. You may choose a topical pattern.
2. You may choose a chronological pattern.
3. You may choose a spatial pattern.
4. You may choose some other pattern.
B. Write the introduction next.
C. Write the conclusion last.
VIII. Write an outline.
A. Put your information in the correct order.
B. Remember:
1. If you have an A, you have to have a B.
2. If you have a 1, you have to have a 2.
3. Make two copies of your outline—you will need one in order to make your note cards. ( I need one during your presentation)
IX. Write a bibliography.
X. Make note cards
XI. Practice aloud.
XII. Practice in front of the mirror.
XIII. Practice in front of someone.
You will be responsible for a typed outline and bibliography of sources (at least 2 sources) that will be turned into me before you present your at least 3 minute or longer speech. The bibliography may be added on same page directly after the outline or on a separate page—it should be labeled: Bibliography. You should have enough time to complete the outline and make a copy while we are in the library. I need the outline and bibliography as you are giving your speech. You will present your speech from note cards. Do not ask me if you can use your outline to give your speech from. PUT THE INFORMATION YOU WILL NEED ON NOTECARDS. All you need list are key words to help you remember your next bit of information. Remember practice aloud, with someone watching you. Practice your eye contact and your gestures. Practice sounding conversational. Time your speech, and practice volume. Be energetic and show enthusiasm about your topic and delivery. Remember, if you bring a note from a parent or guardian attesting to the fact that they witnessed you practicing, you will receive 5 bonus points. Outline format and sample speech with completed outline and sample works cited page with bibliographic examples from online are entered below:
Remember-Outline: If you have a 1, you have to have a 2. If you have an A, you have to have a B. Outline format follows: NOTE: You may have more than 3 main points and more or less supporting material than placed on this format.
Informative Outline Format
Introduction
I. Attention Statement:
II. Thesis:
Body
I. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
1.
2.
II. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
1.
2.
III. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
3.
Conclusion
I. Brief Summary:
II. Memorable and final:
Go to: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/14 for correct placement of Works Cited and MLA formatting.
Works Cited
"Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May
2007. Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007
.
Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on Web, May 2007,. Keyword: Climate.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May 2007. 25 May 2007.
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June 2006. 24 May 2007.
Global Warming. 2007. Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007.
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. 24 May 2007.
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution; Climate change laws seem inevitable, but their economic impact is unknown." US News & World Report 14 May 2007. 24 May 2007.
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
EXAMPLE OF DEMONSTRATION OR PROCESS SPEECH OUTLINE:
SPEECH TO DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF A CURLING IRON
PURPOSE: TO DEMONSTRATE HOW TO USE A CURLING IRON (Write the purpose only on the outline)
ATTENTION STATEMENT: HAVE YOU EVER HAD A REALLY BAD HAIR DAY? (The first thing you actually say will be your attention statement).
(Make a transition from your attention statement to your introduction--)
I. INTRODUCTION: Attention Statement: If you have ever had a really bad hair day, have I got a solution for you: a curling iron. A curling iron can help you tame some of those hair disasters in a matter of minutes. (transition) There’s nothing to it. Let’s get started; there are just five simple steps to taming frizz and hair without style. You must first:
II.
A. Turn the curling iron on.
B. Wait for it to heat up.
C. Always be cautious.
D. Use it on your hair.
E. Turn it off.
II. BODY: Now, I am going to show you how to operate a curling iron in
five simple steps. (transition)
A. Turn your curling iron on.
1. Push the button or flip the switch.
2. A light will come on to indicate that the curling iron is heating.
B. When the iron is hot, the light will go off.
C. When using a curling iron, be careful.
1. Curling irons get quite hot.
2. People often get burned.
D. This is all that is involved in using a curling iron.
1. Gather a small strand of hair in your hand.
2. Wrap the hair around the curling iron.
3. Hold the hair around iron for a few seconds.
4. Unwrap the hair.
5. Repeat with remainder of hair to be curled.
6. Comb and style hair.
E. An unattended curling iron can be dangerous.
1. Turn the iron off.
2. Also, unplug your curling iron.
(transition) Now that I have shown you how to use a curling iron, I hope you agree that)
III. CONCLUSION: Sometimes when you really have a disaster of a hair day, a curling
iron can come to your rescue. Today, I have shown you in five
easy steps how to operate a curling iron. These steps were--
A. Turn your curling iron on.
B. Wait for it to heat up.
C. Be careful.
D. Use it on your hair.
E. Turn it off.
Remember, you can carry a curling iron anywhere you can carry your purse. Thank you.
The following is an example of an informative expository speech followed by the outline:
How Humor Heals (Informative Speech Example-bestspeechtopics.com)
I had to spend a week or so in the hospital last year. A minor ear infection turned into some major problems for my immune system. I was fairly depressed and frustrated one night after my doctor had given me the news that still more tests would be needed, which meant another few days in an uncomfortable bed with people poking and prodding at me.
As I thought about it, the pain began again, and I was sure that my condition might only become more serious. About the time I began to wonder if I would ever see my own home again, my best friend from high school stopped by. She was, quite literally, our class clown. She always had a great joke on the tip of her tongue. She was the mascot at the football games because her antics were so funny. Even now I can't help but smile when I think about her. Two hours after she left, I felt great. I had no pain when I woke up the next morning, and that evening, all of my test results were positive. A miracle? Actually, yes. (Attention -Story) Study after study has indicated that humor has interesting healing powers that enable us to change our perspective on situations, triggers laughter that stimulates our cardiovascular systems and reduces levels of certain stress hormones. (thesis statement)
One way that humor can help to heal is that it literally changes our outlook on life. As we laugh, we have trouble seeing life's difficulties the same way. Suddenly, our problems don't seem quite as bad. Humor allows one to distance himself/herself from a painful physical or medical situation while also acknowledging that he or she is in such a situation.
This change in perspective is a powerful healing force. Distancing yourself from a distressing situation allows you to view certain circumstances from a more objective perspective, and this can help you extract powerful emotions that focus on your pain or sorrow. In doing this, you do not reject the painful circumstances surrounding you, but acknowledge the reality of your situation - the good with the bad. Recent mental health studies have shown that laughter can stimulate areas of the brain that release endorphins, helping us to see our situation more clearly.
The benefits of humor, though, aren't all mental. Humor triggers laughter. According to physiological studies, the laughter, in turn, stimulates our cardiovascular systems by increasing the rate at which the heart beats and contracting the muscles. In fact, one study suggested that laughing one hundred times per day is the equivalent of spending ten minutes on a rowing machine.
Another study went so far as to suggest that the benefits of laughter reach far beyond our body system. "Laughter reduces levels of certain stress hormones which suppress the immune system, increase the number of blood platelets - which can cause obstructions in arteries, and raise blood pressure," said one researcher. "When we're laughing, natural killer cells that destroy cancer cells increase, as does the level of Gamma-interferon - a disease-fighting protein, T-cells - a major part of the immune system, and B-cells - which make disease-destroying antibodies. Laughter may also increase the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin A, which defends against infectious organisms entering through the respiratory tract so it helps us to resist colds and viruses." That makes quite a case of the adage "A barrel of laughs a day keeps the doctor away."
Though medically, the interesting healing powers of humor are still being studied by many scientists, humor clearly heals the spirit - a part of every one of us which is often neglected by medicine and science. The healing power of humor is wide-ranging in scope and situation.
Seeing the humor in our painful or emotional situations can free us from the chains we have built around ourselves, helping us to recognize that life is more than anger or pain or sorrow, but that it is full of humor and the contagious sound of laughter. (Summary)
So, in the words of the great Hans Solo, "Laugh it up, fuzzball." (Stirring Ending)
Outline for Expository Laughter Speech
Introduction
I. Story about (class clown who came to visit in hospital and made author of this speech feel better)
II. Thesis Statement: (Study after study has indicated that humor has interesting healing powers that enable us to change our perspective on situations, triggers laughter that stimulates our cardiovascular systems and reduces levels of certain stress hormones)
(Transition) One way that humor can help is that it literally changes our outlook on life.
Body
I. When we laugh, we have trouble seeing life’s (difficulties the same way.)
A. Distancing yourself allows you to view circumstances from a more objective perspective.
1. This can help you extract (powerful emotions that focus on your pain or sorrow.)
2. You do not reject the (painful circumstances, but acknowledge the reality of your situation-the good with the bad.)
B. Laughter can stimulate areas of the brain that release (endorphins, helping us to see our situation more clearly.)
(Transition) The benefits of humor, though, aren’t all mental.
II. Humor triggers laughter and (laughter, in turn, stimulates our cardiovascular systems.)
A. Laughter increases the rate (at which the heart beats and contracting muscles.)
B. One study suggested that (laughing one hundred times a day is the equivalent of spending ten minutes on a rowing machine.)
(Transition) Another study went so far as to suggest that the benefits of laughter reach far beyond our body system.
III. (Laughter reduces levels of certain stress hormones.)
A. These hormones:
1. (Suppress the immune system.)
2. Increase (the number of blood platelets which can cause obstructions in the arteries.)
3. (Raise blood pressure.)
B. When we are laughing: Natural killer cells that cause cancer and Gamma-interferon, a disease-fighting protein, T-cells, a major part of the immune system, and B-cells, which make disease-destroying antibodies all increase.
C. Laughter may also increase (the concentration of Salivary Immunoglobulin A, which defends against infectious organisms entering through the respiratory tract so it helps us to resist colds and viruses.)
(Transition) The healing power of humor is wide-ranging in scope and situation.
Conclusion
I. (Seeing the humor in our painful or emotional situations can free us from the chains we have built around ourselves, helping us to recognize that life is more than anger or pain or sorrow, but that it is full of humor and the contagious sound of laughter.)
II. (So, in the words of the great Hans Solo, "Laugh it up, fuzzball.")
INFORMATIVE SPEECH TOPIC IDEAS FOR AN EXPOSITORY SPEECH
People
First woman astronaut
Buddy Holly-the day the music died
Individuals who made a difference
Belle Gunness—America’s first female serial killer-early 1900’s (42 people)
Jesse Owens— extraordinary American athlete
The British Invasion (musical genre from the 60’s)
Henry the VIII—events behind the two wives he beheaded
Josef Mengele-Nazi doctor at Auschwitz
Mary Queen of Scotts, why did Queen Elizabeth have her beheaded
Winston Churchill: one of most influential men of World War II
Hank Williams Sr.—was a prolific writer, but lived a short, troubled life
James I-- had the Bible translated into the King James Version
The Beatles from start to finish
Woody Allen, brilliant and funny
Rod Serling and the Twilight Zone
Suleyman the Magnificent—his death marked the beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Curt Siodmak—the man noted for creating the criteria for the movie werewolf character
Alfred Hitchcock—master of the weird—a director who appeared in most of the movies he directed
Men in support of civil disobedience
Houdini –the most famous magician
____one of the funniest comedians
Nostradamus
TV’s most popular nerds
Patty Hearst—victim or criminal?
Yogi Berra—remembered as a ball player as well as famous quotes
Who was the Desert Fox of World War II?
Tiny Tim of the 60’s became famous because he was a joke.
Jim Carey—a perfectionist
Joan of Arc—a persecuted Saint
Life of King Edward VI
Stephen King—why so popular?
The Elephant Man- a tragic story
Catherine the Great
Jesse & Frank James
Bonnie & Clyde
Elvis Presley—from rags to riches
Elizabeth I –arguably best ruler of Great Britain
Jerry Lewis: Comedian and Innovator (Jerry’s kids host)
Mohammad Ali- told all that “I am the greatest” and he was
Joseph McCarthy- why the term McCarthyism is frowned upon
Nikola Tesla—scientific genius who proved Edison wrong about current
The Marx Brothers- talented brothers—Hollywood greats
Alvin York-extraordinary American World War I hero
Roy Orbison—not your typical rock star
W.C. Fields- colorful figure of Hollywood –hated dogs and kids
Poets of the Romantic Movement:
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats,
How they changed poetry
Robert E. Lee—an officer and a gentlemen, whose talents unfortunately prolonged civil war
Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison all great musical talents who died from drug-abuse
Individuals who made a sacrifice
George M. Cohen-music giant
The Barrymores- Family of actors
Past Events
Bay of Pigs-Failed U.S. invasion of Cuba- JFK’s fiasco
Hollywood used to have a star system: the good and bad of it
Events that led up to the crash of 1929
How the Romanov family influenced Russian society
Amber Alert –history and effectiveness
Events that led up to the economic crisis beginning around 2008-09.
human cadavers - history of, uses of (Great informative book on this subject - Stiff)
The Mini Ice Age—how it affected mankind and is it likely to happen any time soon?
The witch hunts across Europe—when, how they got started, and how extreme they became
history of comic books (general or choose a specific one, i.e. Superman, X-Men, etc)
The amazing King Kong movie model of 1933 and why it was the most realistic until the last few years
What is a fable? How did they come about and what is their significance to the times?
Some of the famous baseball superstitions and their birth
The British Invasion (musical genre from the 1960’s)
The French Revolution & Robespierre
The History of the Revenge Movies of the U.S.—when and why
Mt. Vesuvius - what happened that day to another less famous town
Unsolved crimes – Jack the Ripper, D.B. Cooper, Lizzie Borden
History of Sun Records
History of the Bermuda Triangle
The birth of political cartoons
History of the discount store
History of Art Deco
History of anatomists
Prohibition and why it was repealed
The Teapot Dome Scandal
The dark origins of Sleeping Beauty
Printing Press- most important invention of all time
Child Chimney Sweeps in Victorian England had little hope to survive
History of special effects in movie making
History of Old Mother Hubbard
Lindbergh baby kidnapping
Some origins of some unusual words
Mysteries of the Bible
Conspiracy theories
History of tobacco use
Presidential scandals
History of television censorship
History of transplants
Most Decisive Battles in World History
How the days of the week got their names
Hiroshima–then and now
The French Reign of Terror and overuse of the guillotine
Some books that have been banned in the past and why they were
Some movies that have been banned in the past and why
Places
Plan a vacation to: Yosemite or Yellowstone or Grand Canyon, New York City, Sequoia National Forest
Top 7 Don’t Miss Attractions at Disney World’s – Disney MGM Studio Theme Park
What is considered to be one of the best places in the world to live?
Current Topics- political
The pros and cons of using animals for medical research
The First Amendment, what it is, and famous examples of its importance
What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?
What U.S. soldiers do for us and what they have been promised in return from the government
What would-be journalists need to know about public records and the Freedom of Information Act
What are your legal rights as:
A landlord, or property owner
abused spouse or abused child
What U.S. soldiers do for us and what they have been promised in return from the government, but don’t always receive
What would-be journalists and reporters need to know about public records and the Freedom of Information Act
What you need to know about
Good Samaritan laws in Arkansas, or
When you should give up your legal rights
Current Topics - Scientific
How stress affects you
Best new gadgets for spyware
Possible future of mankind
When cosmetic surgery goes wrong
What you should know about:
Mononucleosis, Cystic fibrosis or fluoride or lyme disease or diabetes
What is a lobotomy and what famous person had it performed on their daughter?
Alternative fuels, or
Nanotechnology—cancer treatment
Some basic tips for saving energy in your home
The future of Alzheimer’s treatment:
Special Care Units
What is strep throat and why is it very important to treat it seriously?
What are staff infections, and C. diff. & what can be done about them?
Einstein’s theory of relativity –what does it all mean?
What causes tsunamis (tidal waves) and how big can they get
The possibility and dangers of chemical warfare
What meth does to your body and how to tell if someone is on meth
What would happen if the earth’s axis were tilted just one or two more degrees than it is now?
How a hurricane, tornado, earthquake develops and the best way to protect yourself
What chemicals are fed to the animals we eat, or sprayed on crops, and how is it affecting our health
Current Topics - Miscellaneous
What is a cult movie & what & why are some of the most famous ones?
I think the best comedic horror films are _______because ________.
What you need to know to become a forensic sketch artist.
How the days of the week got their names
Labs are considered by many to be one of the best pets because ___.
How metal detectors work
What were some of the famous Bible Epic Movies and why are they no longer made
What are the latest internet scams and what groups are these crooks targeting?
Unforgiven is a western that portrays a more realistic old west than most westerns prior to it.
Why Spider Man is so popular with young Americans
How to get started investing in the stock market
How to use your time wisely and get better organized
Get rich quick schemes and how they turned out for all involved
How have The Rolling Stones managed to stay together so long?
Fallacies and misconceptions that most people still believe are true
Why Spider Man is so popular with young Americans
What are some interesting methods used for predicting the future?
What you should know about keeping dangerous pets
Processes
How to plan an outdoor party or
Plan a quinceanera
How evidence is handled at a crime scene (steps, importance of each)
How to build your own wind turbine for less than $300.00
How to turn your watch into a compass or how to read a map and use a compass
How does a hybrid vehicle work compared to an internal combustion compared to an all electric
How to get started investing in the stock market and avoid losing money on investments
How to be a professional clown
How to prepare for a job interview
Furnish an apartment on a budget
POSSIBLE DEMONSTRATION SPEECH TOPIC IDEAS
1. HOW TO DRAW A CARTOON FIGURE.
2. HOW TO TIE A TIE.
3. HOW TO OPERATE A VOLTAGE CHECKER.
4. HOW TO SERVE IN VOLLEYBALL.
5. HOW TO MAKE THE BEST PAPER AIRPLANE.
6. HOW TO MAKE AN ORIGAMI BOX.
7. HOW TO READ A MAP.
8. HOW TO BRAID FRENCH BRAIDS.
9. HOW TO KICK A FOOTBALL.
10. HOW TO GET ORGANIZED WITH A PLANNER.
11. HOW TO MAKE PAPER FLOWERS.
12. HOW TO MAKE A FRIENDSHIP BRACELET.
13. HOW TO MAKE A CHRISTMAS ORNAMENT.
14. HOW TO CLEAN A CLARINET.
15. HOW TO CORRECTLY CAST A ROD & REEL.
16. HOW TO STRETCH PROPERLY BEFORE EXERCISING.
17. HOW TO IRON A SHIRT.
18. HOW TO FACE PAINT.
19. HOW TO DO A CARD TRICK.
20. HOW TO DO A MAGIC TRICK.
21. HOW TO PLAN FOR THE FUTURE FINANCIALLY.
22. HOW TO USE A STRAIGHTENER.
23. HOW TO DRAW TO SCALE.
24. HOW TO MAKE A PAPER CUT-OUT.
25. HOW TO FRAME A PICTURE.
26. HOW TO SCRAPBOOK.
27. HOW TO USE A DIGITAL CAMERA FOR INSIDE SHOTS.
28. HOW TO MAKE A PINATA.
29. HOW TO MAKE BIRD CALLS.
30. HOW TO PLAY SHORT-STOP.
31. HOW TO PROPERLY DO AEROBIC EXERCISE.
32. HOW TO CHOOSE A WEED-EATER.
33. HOW TO WRITE A JOB RESUME.
34. HOW TO SET A TABLE PROPERLY.
35. HOW TO MAKE ANIMAL BALLOONS.
(OVER)
36. HOW TO MAKE A PAPER BASKET.
37. HOW TO PLAN A GREAT CHILDREN’S PARTY.
38. HOW TO PLAN A QUINCEANERA
39. HOW TO LAY TILE.
40. HOW TO MAKE SAND-ART.
41. HOW TO POT A HOUSEPLANT.
42. HOW TO SIGN A SIMPLE PHRASE or song in sign language.
43. HOW TO CLEAN A HAMSTER CAGE.
44. HOW TO WRITE A “THANK YOU” CARD.
45. HOW TO KICK A SOCCER BALL.
46. HOW TO MAKE A PICTURE REFRIGERATOR -MAGNET.
47. HOW TO PROPERLY FLOSS.
48. HOW TO MAKE A CORN-COB DOLL.
49. HOW TO PREPARE WOOD FOR VARNISH.
50. HOW TO DRIVE A GOLF BALL.
51. HOW TO APPLY CLOWN MAKE-UP.
52. HOW TO TIE-DYE A T-SHIRT.
53. HOW TO BALANCE A CHECKBOOK.
54. HOW TO CHANGE THE STRING ON A WEED-EATER.
55. HOW TO CHECK BLOOD-PRESSURE.
56. HOW TO MAKE A CERAMIC VASE.
57. HOW TO REMOVE AND CHANGE AN AIR-FILTER.
58. HOW TO MAKE A PLASTER- CAST HAND PRINT.
59. HOW TO TIE A SQUARE KNOT.
60. HOW TO STOCK A HOUSEHOLD TOOL KIT.
61. HOW TO USE A COMPASS.
62. HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COLLEGE RESUME
63. HOW TO PREPARE FOR GRADUATION
64. HOW TO WRITE A COLLEGE APPLICATION ESSAY
65. HOW TO CHOOSE A BICYCLE
66. HOW TO PLAN A DINNER PARTY.
67. HOW TO DESIGN AND ASSEMBLE A HOME-MADE PLANNER
68. WHAT AND HOW TO PACK FOR A CAMPING TRIP.
69. HOW TO CHOOSE THE PERFECT BIRTHDAY GIFT.
70. HOW TO TELL A CHILDREN’S STORY.
STEPS FOR COMPLETING AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH
I. Consider the audience and the occasion.
II. Choose a topic.
III. Narrow the topic.
IV. Research your topic.
V. While researching, make sure that you copy down information for your bibliography.
VI. Write your thesis statement. (It needs to be a complete sentence)
A. The thesis statement for a speech needs to be specific—break your main ideas up into sections (or steps if it is a process) and no more than 5.
1. The music of the Beatles had three distinct periods and three distinct sounds, their earlier teeny-bopper music, the transitional period, and the sounds they were making when they split up.
2. The five steps for making a friendship blanket are to: measure the wrist, gather your materials, decide upon a pattern or weave, attach the strips with a clip to an object, and weave the pattern.
B. The sections that you have broken your speech into in your thesis will then become the main points of your speech in the body—but with details (support)
VII. Organize your speech.
A. Write the body first, choosing a type of organizational pattern that works best for presenting your topic in the most efficient and interesting way.
1. You may choose a topical pattern.
2. You may choose a chronological pattern.
3. You may choose a spatial pattern.
4. You may choose some other pattern.
B. Write the introduction next.
C. Write the conclusion last.
VIII. Write an outline.
A. Put your information in the correct order.
B. Remember:
1. If you have an A, you have to have a B.
2. If you have a 1, you have to have a 2.
3. Make two copies of your outline—you will need one in order to make your note cards. ( I need one during your presentation)
IX. Write a bibliography.
X. Make note cards
XI. Practice aloud.
XII. Practice in front of the mirror.
XIII. Practice in front of someone.
You will be responsible for a typed outline and bibliography of sources (at least 2 sources) that will be turned into me before you present your at least 3 minute or longer speech. The bibliography may be added on same page directly after the outline or on a separate page—it should be labeled: Bibliography. You should have enough time to complete the outline and make a copy while we are in the library. I need the outline and bibliography as you are giving your speech. You will present your speech from note cards. Do not ask me if you can use your outline to give your speech from. PUT THE INFORMATION YOU WILL NEED ON NOTECARDS. All you need list are key words to help you remember your next bit of information. Remember practice aloud, with someone watching you. Practice your eye contact and your gestures. Practice sounding conversational. Time your speech, and practice volume. Be energetic and show enthusiasm about your topic and delivery. Remember, if you bring a note from a parent or guardian attesting to the fact that they witnessed you practicing, you will receive 5 bonus points. Outline format and sample speech with completed outline and sample works cited page with bibliographic examples from online are entered below:
Remember-Outline: If you have a 1, you have to have a 2. If you have an A, you have to have a B. Outline format follows: NOTE: You may have more than 3 main points and more or less supporting material than placed on this format.
Informative Outline Format
Introduction
I. Attention Statement:
II. Thesis:
Body
I. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
1.
2.
II. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
1.
2.
III. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
3.
Conclusion
I. Brief Summary:
II. Memorable and final:
Go to: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/14 for correct placement of Works Cited and MLA formatting.
Works Cited
"Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May
2007. Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007
Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on Web, May 2007,
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May 2007. 25 May 2007
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June 2006. 24 May 2007
Global Warming. 2007. Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. 24 May 2007.
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution; Climate change laws seem inevitable, but their economic impact is unknown." US News & World Report 14 May 2007. 24 May 2007.
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
EXAMPLE OF DEMONSTRATION OR PROCESS SPEECH OUTLINE:
SPEECH TO DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF A CURLING IRON
PURPOSE: TO DEMONSTRATE HOW TO USE A CURLING IRON (Write the purpose only on the outline)
ATTENTION STATEMENT: HAVE YOU EVER HAD A REALLY BAD HAIR DAY? (The first thing you actually say will be your attention statement).
(Make a transition from your attention statement to your introduction--)
I. INTRODUCTION: Attention Statement: If you have ever had a really bad hair day, have I got a solution for you: a curling iron. A curling iron can help you tame some of those hair disasters in a matter of minutes. (transition) There’s nothing to it. Let’s get started; there are just five simple steps to taming frizz and hair without style. You must first:
II.
A. Turn the curling iron on.
B. Wait for it to heat up.
C. Always be cautious.
D. Use it on your hair.
E. Turn it off.
II. BODY: Now, I am going to show you how to operate a curling iron in
five simple steps. (transition)
A. Turn your curling iron on.
1. Push the button or flip the switch.
2. A light will come on to indicate that the curling iron is heating.
B. When the iron is hot, the light will go off.
C. When using a curling iron, be careful.
1. Curling irons get quite hot.
2. People often get burned.
D. This is all that is involved in using a curling iron.
1. Gather a small strand of hair in your hand.
2. Wrap the hair around the curling iron.
3. Hold the hair around iron for a few seconds.
4. Unwrap the hair.
5. Repeat with remainder of hair to be curled.
6. Comb and style hair.
E. An unattended curling iron can be dangerous.
1. Turn the iron off.
2. Also, unplug your curling iron.
(transition) Now that I have shown you how to use a curling iron, I hope you agree that)
III. CONCLUSION: Sometimes when you really have a disaster of a hair day, a curling
iron can come to your rescue. Today, I have shown you in five
easy steps how to operate a curling iron. These steps were--
A. Turn your curling iron on.
B. Wait for it to heat up.
C. Be careful.
D. Use it on your hair.
E. Turn it off.
Remember, you can carry a curling iron anywhere you can carry your purse. Thank you.
The following is an example of an informative expository speech followed by the outline:
How Humor Heals (Informative Speech Example-bestspeechtopics.com)
I had to spend a week or so in the hospital last year. A minor ear infection turned into some major problems for my immune system. I was fairly depressed and frustrated one night after my doctor had given me the news that still more tests would be needed, which meant another few days in an uncomfortable bed with people poking and prodding at me.
As I thought about it, the pain began again, and I was sure that my condition might only become more serious. About the time I began to wonder if I would ever see my own home again, my best friend from high school stopped by. She was, quite literally, our class clown. She always had a great joke on the tip of her tongue. She was the mascot at the football games because her antics were so funny. Even now I can't help but smile when I think about her. Two hours after she left, I felt great. I had no pain when I woke up the next morning, and that evening, all of my test results were positive. A miracle? Actually, yes. (Attention -Story) Study after study has indicated that humor has interesting healing powers that enable us to change our perspective on situations, triggers laughter that stimulates our cardiovascular systems and reduces levels of certain stress hormones. (thesis statement)
One way that humor can help to heal is that it literally changes our outlook on life. As we laugh, we have trouble seeing life's difficulties the same way. Suddenly, our problems don't seem quite as bad. Humor allows one to distance himself/herself from a painful physical or medical situation while also acknowledging that he or she is in such a situation.
This change in perspective is a powerful healing force. Distancing yourself from a distressing situation allows you to view certain circumstances from a more objective perspective, and this can help you extract powerful emotions that focus on your pain or sorrow. In doing this, you do not reject the painful circumstances surrounding you, but acknowledge the reality of your situation - the good with the bad. Recent mental health studies have shown that laughter can stimulate areas of the brain that release endorphins, helping us to see our situation more clearly.
The benefits of humor, though, aren't all mental. Humor triggers laughter. According to physiological studies, the laughter, in turn, stimulates our cardiovascular systems by increasing the rate at which the heart beats and contracting the muscles. In fact, one study suggested that laughing one hundred times per day is the equivalent of spending ten minutes on a rowing machine.
Another study went so far as to suggest that the benefits of laughter reach far beyond our body system. "Laughter reduces levels of certain stress hormones which suppress the immune system, increase the number of blood platelets - which can cause obstructions in arteries, and raise blood pressure," said one researcher. "When we're laughing, natural killer cells that destroy cancer cells increase, as does the level of Gamma-interferon - a disease-fighting protein, T-cells - a major part of the immune system, and B-cells - which make disease-destroying antibodies. Laughter may also increase the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin A, which defends against infectious organisms entering through the respiratory tract so it helps us to resist colds and viruses." That makes quite a case of the adage "A barrel of laughs a day keeps the doctor away."
Though medically, the interesting healing powers of humor are still being studied by many scientists, humor clearly heals the spirit - a part of every one of us which is often neglected by medicine and science. The healing power of humor is wide-ranging in scope and situation.
Seeing the humor in our painful or emotional situations can free us from the chains we have built around ourselves, helping us to recognize that life is more than anger or pain or sorrow, but that it is full of humor and the contagious sound of laughter. (Summary)
So, in the words of the great Hans Solo, "Laugh it up, fuzzball." (Stirring Ending)
Outline for Expository Laughter Speech
Introduction
I. Story about (class clown who came to visit in hospital and made author of this speech feel better)
II. Thesis Statement: (Study after study has indicated that humor has interesting healing powers that enable us to change our perspective on situations, triggers laughter that stimulates our cardiovascular systems and reduces levels of certain stress hormones)
(Transition) One way that humor can help is that it literally changes our outlook on life.
Body
I. When we laugh, we have trouble seeing life’s (difficulties the same way.)
A. Distancing yourself allows you to view circumstances from a more objective perspective.
1. This can help you extract (powerful emotions that focus on your pain or sorrow.)
2. You do not reject the (painful circumstances, but acknowledge the reality of your situation-the good with the bad.)
B. Laughter can stimulate areas of the brain that release (endorphins, helping us to see our situation more clearly.)
(Transition) The benefits of humor, though, aren’t all mental.
II. Humor triggers laughter and (laughter, in turn, stimulates our cardiovascular systems.)
A. Laughter increases the rate (at which the heart beats and contracting muscles.)
B. One study suggested that (laughing one hundred times a day is the equivalent of spending ten minutes on a rowing machine.)
(Transition) Another study went so far as to suggest that the benefits of laughter reach far beyond our body system.
III. (Laughter reduces levels of certain stress hormones.)
A. These hormones:
1. (Suppress the immune system.)
2. Increase (the number of blood platelets which can cause obstructions in the arteries.)
3. (Raise blood pressure.)
B. When we are laughing: Natural killer cells that cause cancer and Gamma-interferon, a disease-fighting protein, T-cells, a major part of the immune system, and B-cells, which make disease-destroying antibodies all increase.
C. Laughter may also increase (the concentration of Salivary Immunoglobulin A, which defends against infectious organisms entering through the respiratory tract so it helps us to resist colds and viruses.)
(Transition) The healing power of humor is wide-ranging in scope and situation.
Conclusion
I. (Seeing the humor in our painful or emotional situations can free us from the chains we have built around ourselves, helping us to recognize that life is more than anger or pain or sorrow, but that it is full of humor and the contagious sound of laughter.)
II. (So, in the words of the great Hans Solo, "Laugh it up, fuzzball.")
INFORMATIVE SPEECH TOPIC IDEAS FOR AN EXPOSITORY SPEECH
People
First woman astronaut
Buddy Holly-the day the music died
Individuals who made a difference
Belle Gunness—America’s first female serial killer-early 1900’s (42 people)
Jesse Owens— extraordinary American athlete
The British Invasion (musical genre from the 60’s)
Henry the VIII—events behind the two wives he beheaded
Josef Mengele-Nazi doctor at Auschwitz
Mary Queen of Scotts, why did Queen Elizabeth have her beheaded
Winston Churchill: one of most influential men of World War II
Hank Williams Sr.—was a prolific writer, but lived a short, troubled life
James I-- had the Bible translated into the King James Version
The Beatles from start to finish
Woody Allen, brilliant and funny
Rod Serling and the Twilight Zone
Suleyman the Magnificent—his death marked the beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Curt Siodmak—the man noted for creating the criteria for the movie werewolf character
Alfred Hitchcock—master of the weird—a director who appeared in most of the movies he directed
Men in support of civil disobedience
Houdini –the most famous magician
____one of the funniest comedians
Nostradamus
TV’s most popular nerds
Patty Hearst—victim or criminal?
Yogi Berra—remembered as a ball player as well as famous quotes
Who was the Desert Fox of World War II?
Tiny Tim of the 60’s became famous because he was a joke.
Jim Carey—a perfectionist
Joan of Arc—a persecuted Saint
Life of King Edward VI
Stephen King—why so popular?
The Elephant Man- a tragic story
Catherine the Great
Jesse & Frank James
Bonnie & Clyde
Elvis Presley—from rags to riches
Elizabeth I –arguably best ruler of Great Britain
Jerry Lewis: Comedian and Innovator (Jerry’s kids host)
Mohammad Ali- told all that “I am the greatest” and he was
Joseph McCarthy- why the term McCarthyism is frowned upon
Nikola Tesla—scientific genius who proved Edison wrong about current
The Marx Brothers- talented brothers—Hollywood greats
Alvin York-extraordinary American World War I hero
Roy Orbison—not your typical rock star
W.C. Fields- colorful figure of Hollywood –hated dogs and kids
Poets of the Romantic Movement:
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats,
How they changed poetry
Robert E. Lee—an officer and a gentlemen, whose talents unfortunately prolonged civil war
Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison all great musical talents who died from drug-abuse
Individuals who made a sacrifice
George M. Cohen-music giant
The Barrymores- Family of actors
Past Events
Bay of Pigs-Failed U.S. invasion of Cuba- JFK’s fiasco
Hollywood used to have a star system: the good and bad of it
Events that led up to the crash of 1929
How the Romanov family influenced Russian society
Amber Alert –history and effectiveness
Events that led up to the economic crisis beginning around 2008-09.
human cadavers - history of, uses of (Great informative book on this subject - Stiff)
The Mini Ice Age—how it affected mankind and is it likely to happen any time soon?
The witch hunts across Europe—when, how they got started, and how extreme they became
history of comic books (general or choose a specific one, i.e. Superman, X-Men, etc)
The amazing King Kong movie model of 1933 and why it was the most realistic until the last few years
What is a fable? How did they come about and what is their significance to the times?
Some of the famous baseball superstitions and their birth
The British Invasion (musical genre from the 1960’s)
The French Revolution & Robespierre
The History of the Revenge Movies of the U.S.—when and why
Mt. Vesuvius - what happened that day to another less famous town
Unsolved crimes – Jack the Ripper, D.B. Cooper, Lizzie Borden
History of Sun Records
History of the Bermuda Triangle
The birth of political cartoons
History of the discount store
History of Art Deco
History of anatomists
Prohibition and why it was repealed
The Teapot Dome Scandal
The dark origins of Sleeping Beauty
Printing Press- most important invention of all time
Child Chimney Sweeps in Victorian England had little hope to survive
History of special effects in movie making
History of Old Mother Hubbard
Lindbergh baby kidnapping
Some origins of some unusual words
Mysteries of the Bible
Conspiracy theories
History of tobacco use
Presidential scandals
History of television censorship
History of transplants
Most Decisive Battles in World History
How the days of the week got their names
Hiroshima–then and now
The French Reign of Terror and overuse of the guillotine
Some books that have been banned in the past and why they were
Some movies that have been banned in the past and why
Places
Plan a vacation to: Yosemite or Yellowstone or Grand Canyon, New York City, Sequoia National Forest
Top 7 Don’t Miss Attractions at Disney World’s – Disney MGM Studio Theme Park
What is considered to be one of the best places in the world to live?
Current Topics- political
The pros and cons of using animals for medical research
The First Amendment, what it is, and famous examples of its importance
What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?
What U.S. soldiers do for us and what they have been promised in return from the government
What would-be journalists need to know about public records and the Freedom of Information Act
What are your legal rights as:
A landlord, or property owner
abused spouse or abused child
What U.S. soldiers do for us and what they have been promised in return from the government, but don’t always receive
What would-be journalists and reporters need to know about public records and the Freedom of Information Act
What you need to know about
Good Samaritan laws in Arkansas, or
When you should give up your legal rights
Current Topics - Scientific
How stress affects you
Best new gadgets for spyware
Possible future of mankind
When cosmetic surgery goes wrong
What you should know about:
Mononucleosis, Cystic fibrosis or fluoride or lyme disease or diabetes
What is a lobotomy and what famous person had it performed on their daughter?
Alternative fuels, or
Nanotechnology—cancer treatment
Some basic tips for saving energy in your home
The future of Alzheimer’s treatment:
Special Care Units
What is strep throat and why is it very important to treat it seriously?
What are staff infections, and C. diff. & what can be done about them?
Einstein’s theory of relativity –what does it all mean?
What causes tsunamis (tidal waves) and how big can they get
The possibility and dangers of chemical warfare
What meth does to your body and how to tell if someone is on meth
What would happen if the earth’s axis were tilted just one or two more degrees than it is now?
How a hurricane, tornado, earthquake develops and the best way to protect yourself
What chemicals are fed to the animals we eat, or sprayed on crops, and how is it affecting our health
Current Topics - Miscellaneous
What is a cult movie & what & why are some of the most famous ones?
I think the best comedic horror films are _______because ________.
What you need to know to become a forensic sketch artist.
How the days of the week got their names
Labs are considered by many to be one of the best pets because ___.
How metal detectors work
What were some of the famous Bible Epic Movies and why are they no longer made
What are the latest internet scams and what groups are these crooks targeting?
Unforgiven is a western that portrays a more realistic old west than most westerns prior to it.
Why Spider Man is so popular with young Americans
How to get started investing in the stock market
How to use your time wisely and get better organized
Get rich quick schemes and how they turned out for all involved
How have The Rolling Stones managed to stay together so long?
Fallacies and misconceptions that most people still believe are true
Why Spider Man is so popular with young Americans
What are some interesting methods used for predicting the future?
What you should know about keeping dangerous pets
Processes
How to plan an outdoor party or
Plan a quinceanera
How evidence is handled at a crime scene (steps, importance of each)
How to build your own wind turbine for less than $300.00
How to turn your watch into a compass or how to read a map and use a compass
How does a hybrid vehicle work compared to an internal combustion compared to an all electric
How to get started investing in the stock market and avoid losing money on investments
How to be a professional clown
How to prepare for a job interview
Furnish an apartment on a budget
POSSIBLE DEMONSTRATION SPEECH TOPIC IDEAS
1. HOW TO DRAW A CARTOON FIGURE.
2. HOW TO TIE A TIE.
3. HOW TO OPERATE A VOLTAGE CHECKER.
4. HOW TO SERVE IN VOLLEYBALL.
5. HOW TO MAKE THE BEST PAPER AIRPLANE.
6. HOW TO MAKE AN ORIGAMI BOX.
7. HOW TO READ A MAP.
8. HOW TO BRAID FRENCH BRAIDS.
9. HOW TO KICK A FOOTBALL.
10. HOW TO GET ORGANIZED WITH A PLANNER.
11. HOW TO MAKE PAPER FLOWERS.
12. HOW TO MAKE A FRIENDSHIP BRACELET.
13. HOW TO MAKE A CHRISTMAS ORNAMENT.
14. HOW TO CLEAN A CLARINET.
15. HOW TO CORRECTLY CAST A ROD & REEL.
16. HOW TO STRETCH PROPERLY BEFORE EXERCISING.
17. HOW TO IRON A SHIRT.
18. HOW TO FACE PAINT.
19. HOW TO DO A CARD TRICK.
20. HOW TO DO A MAGIC TRICK.
21. HOW TO PLAN FOR THE FUTURE FINANCIALLY.
22. HOW TO USE A STRAIGHTENER.
23. HOW TO DRAW TO SCALE.
24. HOW TO MAKE A PAPER CUT-OUT.
25. HOW TO FRAME A PICTURE.
26. HOW TO SCRAPBOOK.
27. HOW TO USE A DIGITAL CAMERA FOR INSIDE SHOTS.
28. HOW TO MAKE A PINATA.
29. HOW TO MAKE BIRD CALLS.
30. HOW TO PLAY SHORT-STOP.
31. HOW TO PROPERLY DO AEROBIC EXERCISE.
32. HOW TO CHOOSE A WEED-EATER.
33. HOW TO WRITE A JOB RESUME.
34. HOW TO SET A TABLE PROPERLY.
35. HOW TO MAKE ANIMAL BALLOONS.
(OVER)
36. HOW TO MAKE A PAPER BASKET.
37. HOW TO PLAN A GREAT CHILDREN’S PARTY.
38. HOW TO PLAN A QUINCEANERA
39. HOW TO LAY TILE.
40. HOW TO MAKE SAND-ART.
41. HOW TO POT A HOUSEPLANT.
42. HOW TO SIGN A SIMPLE PHRASE or song in sign language.
43. HOW TO CLEAN A HAMSTER CAGE.
44. HOW TO WRITE A “THANK YOU” CARD.
45. HOW TO KICK A SOCCER BALL.
46. HOW TO MAKE A PICTURE REFRIGERATOR -MAGNET.
47. HOW TO PROPERLY FLOSS.
48. HOW TO MAKE A CORN-COB DOLL.
49. HOW TO PREPARE WOOD FOR VARNISH.
50. HOW TO DRIVE A GOLF BALL.
51. HOW TO APPLY CLOWN MAKE-UP.
52. HOW TO TIE-DYE A T-SHIRT.
53. HOW TO BALANCE A CHECKBOOK.
54. HOW TO CHANGE THE STRING ON A WEED-EATER.
55. HOW TO CHECK BLOOD-PRESSURE.
56. HOW TO MAKE A CERAMIC VASE.
57. HOW TO REMOVE AND CHANGE AN AIR-FILTER.
58. HOW TO MAKE A PLASTER- CAST HAND PRINT.
59. HOW TO TIE A SQUARE KNOT.
60. HOW TO STOCK A HOUSEHOLD TOOL KIT.
61. HOW TO USE A COMPASS.
62. HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COLLEGE RESUME
63. HOW TO PREPARE FOR GRADUATION
64. HOW TO WRITE A COLLEGE APPLICATION ESSAY
65. HOW TO CHOOSE A BICYCLE
66. HOW TO PLAN A DINNER PARTY.
67. HOW TO DESIGN AND ASSEMBLE A HOME-MADE PLANNER
68. WHAT AND HOW TO PACK FOR A CAMPING TRIP.
69. HOW TO CHOOSE THE PERFECT BIRTHDAY GIFT.
70. HOW TO TELL A CHILDREN’S STORY.
Steps for Completing an Informative Speech
STEPS FOR COMPLETING AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH
I. Consider the audience and the occasion.
II. Choose a topic.
III. Narrow the topic.
IV. Research your topic.
V. While researching, make sure that you copy down information for your bibliography.
VI. Write your thesis statement. (It needs to be a complete sentence)
A. The thesis statement for a speech needs to be specific—break your main ideas up into sections (or steps if it is a process) and no more than 5.
1. The music of the Beatles had three distinct periods and three distinct sounds, their earlier teeny-bopper music, the transitional period, and the sounds they were making when they split up.
2. The five steps for making a friendship blanket are to: measure the wrist, gather your materials, decide upon a pattern or weave, attach the strips with a clip to an object, and weave the pattern.
B. The sections that you have broken your speech into in your thesis will then become the main points of your speech in the body—but with details (support)
VII. Organize your speech.
A. Write the body first, choosing a type of organizational pattern that works best for presenting your topic in the most efficient and interesting way.
1. You may choose a topical pattern.
2. You may choose a chronological pattern.
3. You may choose a spatial pattern.
4. You may choose some other pattern.
B. Write the introduction next.
C. Write the conclusion last.
VIII. Write an outline.
A. Put your information in the correct order.
B. Remember:
1. If you have an A, you have to have a B.
2. If you have a 1, you have to have a 2.
3. Make two copies of your outline—you will need one in order to make your note cards. ( I need one during your presentation)
IX. Write a bibliography.
X. Make note cards
XI. Practice aloud.
XII. Practice in front of the mirror.
XIII. Practice in front of someone.
I. Consider the audience and the occasion.
II. Choose a topic.
III. Narrow the topic.
IV. Research your topic.
V. While researching, make sure that you copy down information for your bibliography.
VI. Write your thesis statement. (It needs to be a complete sentence)
A. The thesis statement for a speech needs to be specific—break your main ideas up into sections (or steps if it is a process) and no more than 5.
1. The music of the Beatles had three distinct periods and three distinct sounds, their earlier teeny-bopper music, the transitional period, and the sounds they were making when they split up.
2. The five steps for making a friendship blanket are to: measure the wrist, gather your materials, decide upon a pattern or weave, attach the strips with a clip to an object, and weave the pattern.
B. The sections that you have broken your speech into in your thesis will then become the main points of your speech in the body—but with details (support)
VII. Organize your speech.
A. Write the body first, choosing a type of organizational pattern that works best for presenting your topic in the most efficient and interesting way.
1. You may choose a topical pattern.
2. You may choose a chronological pattern.
3. You may choose a spatial pattern.
4. You may choose some other pattern.
B. Write the introduction next.
C. Write the conclusion last.
VIII. Write an outline.
A. Put your information in the correct order.
B. Remember:
1. If you have an A, you have to have a B.
2. If you have a 1, you have to have a 2.
3. Make two copies of your outline—you will need one in order to make your note cards. ( I need one during your presentation)
IX. Write a bibliography.
X. Make note cards
XI. Practice aloud.
XII. Practice in front of the mirror.
XIII. Practice in front of someone.
Sunday, September 27, 2009
Pet Peeve Speech
This speech requires little preparation and is due tomorrow. Just choose a topic that "riles" you and go with it--just give a little thought to your attention getter and conclusion, then rant and rave with physical animation added to the mix. You are getting a chance to gripe, have fun with it. This assignment is worth 30 pts. ( 10 pts. for the attention-getter, 5 points each for physical involvement, emotional reasoning, conclusion, and making the time of at least 1 and 1/2 minutes.
The Pet Peeve Speech
I. Give a speech at least 1 and 1/2 minutes (may be longer, but shouldn’t be rambling or redundant) on something:
A. That you find upsetting.
B. That you can get involved and worked up about.
1. Topic can be very personal:
a. Your dad won’t let you stay out past 10:00 p.m. on
weekends
b. Your sister wears your clothes
c. Your mom always takes other sibling’s side
2. Topic can be more universal:
a. Preps get on your nerves
b. There should be a law against driving and using
cell phones
c. Overweight people have no right to sue fast food
places
II. You should give this speech from the heart and not have to spend much time preparing for it, and should not need notes. You will, however, need an:
A. Attention Getter that:
1. Relates to subject.
2. Gets audience interest. The day before speech is
due; you are to hand in your attention getter.
(Choose either a story, personal reference, a
startling statement, quotation, or visual). NO
questions for attention getter on this speech.
B. The Body should be mostly spontaneous, but a good pet peeve speech can’t be developed unless you have:
1. detail, explanations and examples
2. opinion
C. The conclusion should:
1. Be memorable or stirring. (If you are giving a speech on how much you hate smoking, you might say something like, “Over 400,000 people a year die from smoking and second-hand smoke, and this has to affect all of us”).
2. Make speech sound completed. (on smoking, “So, let me ask you, since smoking ages, sickens and kills you and often those around you, is it really worth it? Well, is it?”).
III. Your delivery should mirror the fact that you are worked up about this topic.
A. Your voice:
1. Be enthusiastic
2. Loud at times and heard at all times
3. Rate should be fast enough to reflect enthusiasm but slow enough for audience to understand every word
B. Physical Involvement:
1. Eye Contact that takes in everyone in the room by completion of speech.
2. Animated facial expressions.
3. Gestures that reflect enthusiasm and energy of emotional involvement in topic
Due Date 9-29-09
Check posts before this for informative speech assignment due on October 14 and must have a formal written outline and be at least 3 minutes in length. Speech will be worth 125 points. You may choose to do either an expository informative speech (give information about topic of your choice presented in an interesting format) or a process informative speech--show audience how to do something, how to make something or how something works. This speech requires that you have something physical in-hand to actually demonstrate a process step by step. (NO food or drinks) Both speeches (whichever one you choose to give) must have a formal outline (25 points). The outlines and speeches are each somewhat different. Examples of both types with topic ideas are also included.
The Pet Peeve Speech
I. Give a speech at least 1 and 1/2 minutes (may be longer, but shouldn’t be rambling or redundant) on something:
A. That you find upsetting.
B. That you can get involved and worked up about.
1. Topic can be very personal:
a. Your dad won’t let you stay out past 10:00 p.m. on
weekends
b. Your sister wears your clothes
c. Your mom always takes other sibling’s side
2. Topic can be more universal:
a. Preps get on your nerves
b. There should be a law against driving and using
cell phones
c. Overweight people have no right to sue fast food
places
II. You should give this speech from the heart and not have to spend much time preparing for it, and should not need notes. You will, however, need an:
A. Attention Getter that:
1. Relates to subject.
2. Gets audience interest. The day before speech is
due; you are to hand in your attention getter.
(Choose either a story, personal reference, a
startling statement, quotation, or visual). NO
questions for attention getter on this speech.
B. The Body should be mostly spontaneous, but a good pet peeve speech can’t be developed unless you have:
1. detail, explanations and examples
2. opinion
C. The conclusion should:
1. Be memorable or stirring. (If you are giving a speech on how much you hate smoking, you might say something like, “Over 400,000 people a year die from smoking and second-hand smoke, and this has to affect all of us”).
2. Make speech sound completed. (on smoking, “So, let me ask you, since smoking ages, sickens and kills you and often those around you, is it really worth it? Well, is it?”).
III. Your delivery should mirror the fact that you are worked up about this topic.
A. Your voice:
1. Be enthusiastic
2. Loud at times and heard at all times
3. Rate should be fast enough to reflect enthusiasm but slow enough for audience to understand every word
B. Physical Involvement:
1. Eye Contact that takes in everyone in the room by completion of speech.
2. Animated facial expressions.
3. Gestures that reflect enthusiasm and energy of emotional involvement in topic
Due Date 9-29-09
Check posts before this for informative speech assignment due on October 14 and must have a formal written outline and be at least 3 minutes in length. Speech will be worth 125 points. You may choose to do either an expository informative speech (give information about topic of your choice presented in an interesting format) or a process informative speech--show audience how to do something, how to make something or how something works. This speech requires that you have something physical in-hand to actually demonstrate a process step by step. (NO food or drinks) Both speeches (whichever one you choose to give) must have a formal outline (25 points). The outlines and speeches are each somewhat different. Examples of both types with topic ideas are also included.
Fill in Outline for Informative Speech
You will be responsible for a typed outline and bibliography of sources (at least 2 sources) that will be turned into me before you present your at least 3 minute or longer speech. The bibliography may be added on same page directly after the outline or on a separate page—it should be labeled: Bibliography. You should have enough time to complete the outline and make a copy while we are in the library. I need the outline and bibliography as you are giving your speech. You will present your speech from note cards. Do not ask me if you can use your outline to give your speech from. PUT THE INFORMATION YOU WILL NEED ON NOTECARDS. All you need list are key words to help you remember your next bit of information. Remember practice aloud, with someone watching you. Practice your eye contact and your gestures. Practice sounding conversational. Time your speech, and practice volume. Be energetic and show enthusiasm about your topic and delivery. Remember, if you bring a note from a parent or guardian attesting to the fact that they witnessed you practicing, you will receive 5 bonus points. Outline format and sample speech with completed outline and sample works cited page with bibliographic examples from online are entered below:
Remember-Outline: If you have a 1, you have to have a 2. If you have an A, you have to have a B. Outline format follows: NOTE: You may have more than 3 main points and more or less supporting material than placed on this format.
Informative Outline Format
Introduction
I. Attention Statement:
II. Thesis:
Body
I. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
1.
2.
II. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
1.
2.
III. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
3.
Conclusion
I. Brief Summary:
II. Memorable and final:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/14/
Works Cited
"Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May 2007. Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007.
Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on the Web. May 2007. 25 May 2007
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May 2007. 25 May 2007.
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June 2006. 24 May 2007.
Global Warming. 2007. Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. 24 May 2007.
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution; Climate change laws seem inevitable, but their economic impact is unknown." US News & World Report 14 May 2007. 24 May 2007.
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
Remember-Outline: If you have a 1, you have to have a 2. If you have an A, you have to have a B. Outline format follows: NOTE: You may have more than 3 main points and more or less supporting material than placed on this format.
Informative Outline Format
Introduction
I. Attention Statement:
II. Thesis:
Body
I. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
1.
2.
II. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
1.
2.
III. Main Point:
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
3.
Conclusion
I. Brief Summary:
II. Memorable and final:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/14/
Works Cited
"Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May 2007. Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007
Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on the Web. May 2007. 25 May 2007
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May 2007. 25 May 2007
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June 2006. 24 May 2007
Global Warming. 2007. Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. 24 May 2007.
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution; Climate change laws seem inevitable, but their economic impact is unknown." US News & World Report 14 May 2007. 24 May 2007.
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
